Stomata 1) minute openings in epidermis of aerial parts of plants, especially on the underside of leaves, through which air and water vapour enters the intercellular spaces, and through which carbon dioxide and water vapour from respiration is released. Stomata can be opened or closed by changes in turgor of the two guard cells that surround the central pore. See illustrations: leaf cross section and morphology of leaves; 2) any small openings or pores in various structures.

Stroma 1. A dense mass of interwoven hyphae, fleshy to thorny in texture, cushion-like, columnar, club-shaped or branched in form, on which or in which fructifications develop. 2. A dense, colorless part of a chloroplast.

Sucker A shoot arising from a subterranean part of a plant, any shoot at first subterranean then aerial which may ultimately form an independent plant.

Sucrose Empirical formula: C12H22O11. Common table sugar, a white, crystalline solid with a sweet taste. Common names, which indicate the natural source, include cane sugar, beet sugar, and maple sugar. A disaccharide, sucrose can be hydrolized to yield invert sugar, a mixture of unequal amounts of fructose and glucose.

Taproot If the root which arises out of the radicle from the seed continues to grow throughout the life of the crop giving rise to many other roots from itself, then the root is called a tap root. It is also the central or the leading root which penetrates deeply into the ground from which many other roots originate. The growing tip of the tap root unless damaged by physical means like insects or other means, continues to grow deeper into the soil in search of water and nutrients and also give rise to other roots.

Testa The outer integument, the seed coat.

Transpiration (1) The quantity of water absorbed, transpired, and used directly in the building of plant tissue during a specified time period. It does not include soil evaporation. (2) The process by which water vapour escapes from a living plant, principally through the leaves, and enters the atmosphere. As considered practically, transpiration also includes Guttation. Transpiration, combined with Evaporation from the soil, is referred to as Evapotranspiration.

Tricarpous Of three carpels.

Trichome A hair-like outgrowth of the epidermis, as a hair or bristle. (and what is the epidermis made of, hmmmm swolen epidermis (my brian is burning almost done)

Turgor The distention of living tissue due to internal pressures.

Tylose A balloon-like extension of a parenchyma cell that protrudes into the lumen of a neighbouring xylem vessel or tracheid through a pit in the cell wall.

Urea A chemical of formula (CH2)2CO. It is the end-point of nitrogen metabolism in animals and some fishes. It is a feature of elasmobranchs, (sharks, dogfishes, rays, skates), that they accumulate urea in their tissues. Urea has a {{bitter taste}} and contributes to the characteristic flavour of this group of fish. It is degraded to ammonia by enzymes in muscle tissue and by spoilage organisms of fish, leading to the very strong, pungent, odour of spoiling elasmobranchs.

Variety 1. An indefinite subdivision of a species usually applicable to a morphological variant or variant group, a form which is not typical but is not sufficiently recognizable to be designated by a specific name, a variant in color or in habitat. 2. A plant subordinate to a species.

Vascular bundle One of the groups of connecting and supporting tissue characteristic of vascular plants; a strand of conductive tissue composed of a strand of xylem and a strand of phloem, sometimes separated by cambium and sometimes containing sclerenchymatous supporting tissue.

Vector Any agent which transmits a virus disease from one host plant to another, as an insect vector.

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)
An intimate and perhaps usually mutualistic association between a fungus and a plant root in which the fungus enters the host cells and also usually extends widely into the surrounding soil cf. Ectomycorrhiza.

Viroid A plant pathogen that consists of a naked RNA molecule of approximately 250-350 nucleotides, whose extensive base pairing results in a nearly correct double helix. See Satellite RNA.

Vitamin B Vitamin B is the shared name of a group of vitamins that occurs parallel. These vitamins include: B1 (tiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantethine ), B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cobalamin).

Vitamin C Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): found in citrus fruits, tomoatoes, peppers, cabbage, potatoes, and berries.
Important in collagen (connective tissue) synthesis, and resistance to infection and stress.
Insufficient dietary vitamin C may lead to scurvy.

Vitamin E Vitamin E (Tocopherols and Tocotrienols) is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in eight different forms. It is an antioxidant that protects cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of metabolism. Vegetable oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables have high natural vitamin E content.

Water deficit The precipitation is smaller than the potential evapotranspiration during a certain period of time

Water table The level of the saturation of soil by ground water.

water table The upper boundary for groundwater at which the pressure in the groundwater is equal to atmospheric pressure (USDA, 1954). The body of groundwater is not confined by an overlying impermeable formation (ICID, 1975).

waterlogging State of and in which the subsoil water table is located at or near the surface (ICID, 1975). In other words access water is accumulated in the root zone of the soil

Xylem Xylem is a complex tissue composed of xylem vessels, xylem tracheids, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma.
Xylem vessels: Xylem vessels comprise a vertical chain of lengthened, dead cells known as vessel elements. The cells are arranged end to end and the cross-walls dissolve completely or have simple or complex perforation plates between successive cells. The secondary walls of vessels are impregnated with lignin and are thickened unevenly. The walls of the vessels may be thickened in different ways, e.g. annular, spiral and pitted thickening may be observed.
Xylem tracheids: A tracheids is an elongated cell, the contents of which are non-living. The cell walls are thickened, impregnated with lignin and the lumen is smaller. As in the case of vessels, there is a differentiation between annular, spiral and pitted tracheids again caused by the type of thickening of the secondary walls. Tracheids have no perforation plates.
Xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma bear a strong resemblance to normal fibres and parenchyma. Xylem fibres are sometimes separated by thin cross walls and the walls of xylem parenchyma are sometimes thicker than those of normal parenchyma.
Functions:
A. Xylem is an important strengthening tissue,
B. Xylem vessels and tracheids transport water and mineral salts,
C. Starch is sometimes stored in the xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma.

There are a couple more botany ones mixed in but they sounded dumb plus I couldnt pronounce them.........................

One love
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