If you still want to save those broken branches just gently wrap a bit of tape around them like a bandage. If they're not too far gone you've got a good chance of them healing up fine.
I'm a very minimal trimmer myself and do all training during veg, so I won't go into the 'I've read this or that' regarding how much to trim etc, but if I am cutting anything off I snip just slightly out from the main stem.