Darn if I can find it right now, will look later.
Basically, #1. Depends on the strain.
#2. Depends on how big you want it.
#3. Depends on position of planets in relation to the price of gold and the weather in Zimbabwe. (in other words, sometimes you have to guess).
From what I recall, clones or seeds will be under 24 hour light. At some point (I think it's 2 sets of leaves), you transplant them and put them on veg (usually 16 on, 4 off, but a lot of discussions about variations of the day/night cycle, however you HAVE to have some dark period). When they are big enough, (you can cut for clones)switch to 12 on 12 off (simulated late summer/fall) and they will flower. When the colas are the size you want, cut `em, dry `em, and smoke `em!
This is a very condensed version from many posts, books, and videos.
I really wish we didn't have to wait between searches.
Lot's of grow logs under , well, Cannabis Forums Message Boards - Medical Marijuana, Cannabis Club, Dispensary, News > Growing > Growing Information > Basic Growing.

Off to Wally World for a Blue Ray player so I can buy Sherlock Holmes tomorrow!
Dennis in Montana