UVb an experiment

[Apollonia]

Hey lads!

I found a study on how THC is produced in the plant at the garden's cure. Here's the part that relates directly to UVB:

Another stress to which plants are subject results from their daily exposure to sunlight. While necessary to sustain photosynthesis, natural light contains biologically destructive ultraviolet radiation. This selective pressure has apparently affected the evolution of certain defenses, among them, a chemical screening functionally analogous to the pigmentation of human skin. A preliminary investigation (Pate 1983) indicated that, in areas of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, the UV-B (280-315 nm) absorption properties of THC may have conferred an evolutionary advantage to Cannabis capable of greater production of this compound from biogenetic precursor CBD. The extent to which this production is also influenced by environmental UV-B induced stress has been experimentally determined by Lydon et al. (1987). Their experiments demonstrate that under conditions of high UV-B exposure, drug-type Cannabis produces significantly greater quantities of THC. They have also demonstrated the chemical lability of CBD upon exposure to UV-B (Lydon and Teramura 1987), in contrast to the stability of THC and CBC. However, studies by Brenneisen (1984) have shown only a minor difference in UV-B absorption between THC and CBD, and the absorptive properties of CBC proved considerably greater than either. Perhaps the relationship between the cannabinoids and UV-B is not so direct as first supposed. Two other explanations must now be considered. Even if CBD absorbs on par with THC, in areas of high ambient UV-B, the former compound may be more rapidly degraded. This could lower the availability of CBD present or render it the less energetically efficient compound to produce by the plant. Alternatively, the greater UV-B absorbency of CBC compared to THC and the relative stability of CBC compared to CBD might nominate this compound as the protective screening substance. The presence of large amounts of THC would then have to be explained as merely an accumulated storage compound at the end of the enzyme-mediated cannabinoid pathway. However, further work is required to resolve the fact that Lydon's (1985) experiments did not show a commensurate increase in CBC production with increased UV-B exposure.

And here's the conclusion of said study:

Although the chemistry of Cannabis has come under extensive investigation, more work is needed to probe the relationship of its resin to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. Glandular trichomes are production sites for the bulk of secondary compounds present. It is probable that the cannabinoids and associated terpenes serve as defensive agents in a variety of antidessication, antimicrobial, antifeedant and UV-B pigmentation roles. UV-B selection pressures seem responsible for the distribution of THC-rich Cannabis varieties in areas of high ambient radiation, and may have influenced the evolution of an alternate biogenetic pathway from CBG to THC in some of these strains. Though environmental stresses appear to be a direct stimulus for enhanced chemical production by individual plants, it must be cautioned that such stresses may also skew data by hastening development of the highly glandular flowering structures. Future studies will require careful and representative sampling to assure meaningful results.

Further down the thread, a post or two away from the one that quotes the study there is another post by the same poster with data from a different study, I've included the poster's conclusion/summary as well:

One more slice of worthless data from the dusty library.


â?? Returning to the more orthodox version of the cannabinoid biosynthesis, the role of ultraviolet light should be reemphasized. It seems apparent that ultraviolet light, normally supplied in abundance by sunlight, takes part in the conversion of CBD acid to THC acids. Therefore, the lack *Carlton Thrner 1979: personal communication. of ultraviolet light in indoor growing situations could account for the limited psychoactivity of Cannabis grown under artificial lights. Light energy has been collected and utilized by the plant in a long series of reactions resulting in the formation of THC acids. Farther along the pathway begins the formation of degradation products not metabolically produced by the living plant. These cannabinoid acids are formed through the progressive degradation of THC acids to CBN acid (cannabinolic acid) and other cannabinoid acids. The degradation is accomplished primarily by heat and light and is not enzymatically controlled by the plant. CBN is also suspected of synergistic modification of the psychoactivity of the primary cannabinoids, THCs. The cannabinoid balance between CBC, CBD, THC, and CBN is determined by genetics and maturation. THC production is an ongoing process as long as the glandular trichome remains active. Variations in the level of THC in the same trichome as it matures are the result of THC acid being broken down to CBN acid while CBD acid is being converted to THC acid. If the rate of THC biosynthesis exceeds the rate of THC breakdown, the THC level in the trichome rises; if the breakdown rate is faster than the rate of biosynthesis, the THC level drops. Clear or slightly amber transparent resin is a sign that the glandular trichome is still active. As soon as resin secretion begins to slow, the resins will usually polymerize and harden. During the late floral stages the resin tends to darken to a transparent amber color. If it begins to deteriorate, it first turns translucent and then opaque brown or white. Near-freezing temperatures during maturation will often result in opaque white resins. During active secretion, THC acids are constantly being formed from CBD acid and breaking down into CBN acid. â??

If I was going to break all this down into a few sentences it would read like this:

The resin gland produces cannabinoids that are converted into THC. During the active cycle of cannabinoid production the glands will appear clear or cloudy. As the plant matures and the production cycle slows the glands will change color to amber. This is caused from environmental influences, tempeture and light. The major influence on the amber color would be the lack of conversion from cannabinoids CBD and CBN into THC. You can draw your own conclusions as to why, my theroy is as the plant matures it slows in cannabinoid production and the UVB radition has less cannabinoids to convert and starts to degrade the resin - hense the color change.

Both posts come courtesy of a poster on the Garden's Cure named 'cidium' so thank you, cidium wherever you are for typing out that data. Maybe this will be useful to us.

[Apollonia]

Sal's had a broken wrist and from what I understand he's not been able to type so much..

My statement is based on my uncle and I using clear inc's during our Day Time as a far red source and more specifically (clear halogen inc's) for our trich production and ripping needs (turning trich's from cloudy to amber).. But none of this is realy talking about the Martian method thou.. Just far red or uvb supplemental lighting..:thumbsup:

Sorry to hear about the malady there, broken wrists can be a real nuissance

Dogsnova, would you say far red is as effective as UVB when it come to trichome production AND ripening? If so, I wonder if my Super HPS SolarMax behind tempered glass has enough Far Red to cloud the trichs & produce sufficient trichomes and UVB supplemental lighting only useful for accelerated ambering. As I understand it now after taking in all this information is THC (cloudy) is formed more by maturation via time, the plant's own biological clock so to speak than radiation, but cannabinol production (the amber couchlock) is highly influenced by factors that stress the plant as it is the degradation of THC which produces these compounds - such as far red and UVB lighting. Would you care to expound a little on your thoughts? I'd love to hear more about your observations when you have the time.

As far as I can see, LEDs seem to produce copious amounts of trichomes which I believe may be due to the "gentleness" of LED lighting as compared to hotter, more stressful forms of light which degrade the trichomes faster. I tentatively put forth that LEDs may not actually produce more trichomes, but preserve more glandular heads in tact leading more trichome heads, leading to more potency, etc. This is just supposition on my part, I defer to more experienced heads.

[Dogznova]

Apollonia... Salmayo turned me on to far red, more specifically supplemental (clear inc's) for the use of far red in a typical 12/12 flower.

I think I have seen you talk to him on the TY forum. So I'm sure you understand the smarts coming from that direction.

[Dogznova]

Dogsnova, would you say far red is as effective as UVB when it come to trichome production AND ripening?

Clear Inc's as a far red source....Yes...... I can't afford 730nm LED to try them out. Sorry not much testing on that front.

As far as I can see, LEDs seem to produce copious amounts of trichomes which I believe may be due to the "gentleness" of LED lighting as compared to hotter, more stressful forms of light which degrade the trichomes faster.

It's been our experience over here that LED's also increased trich production, But so did going from metro mix (dirt) to a hydro setup. There is alot of ways to increase trich production IMO.

LED,Far Red and Hydro has been some of our most noticeable trich production tools. If your familiar with salmayo's Martian Method... It uses the first two and explodes the trich production. But that's a whole different tread..LOL
...

Great post Apollonia...:thumbsup:

[Weezard]

"As far as I can see, LEDs seem to produce copious amounts of trichomes which I believe may be due to the "gentleness" of LED lighting as compared to hotter, more stressful forms of light which degrade the trichomes faster. I tentatively put forth that LEDs may not actually produce more trichomes, but preserve more glandular heads in tact leading more trichome heads, leading to more potency, etc. "

Wow!
Superb posts!
I'm impressed and humbled.

Mahalo nui!
Weeze

[Dogznova]

Ok here is the 1st edition of the PAD manual. You can find it at the Temporal Photonics page at MySpace . Just click on the pic link.. Here is the link Enjoy:thumbsup:

MySpace - Temporal Photonics - 17 - Male - CHICO, California - myspace.com/temporalphotonics

[oldmac]

Hey Dogznova,

Thank you so much for posting the link to the PAD manual.:thumbsup: I read thru it qiuckly this AM and it certianly has me thinking! I think I need to read it a few more times, to understand it.

For everyone interested in the UVb stuff, I just came across a paper from a couple of years age by Joe Knuc (alias) entitled "An elaboration on the phytochemical process that makes THC" very interesting reading. -oldmac

[Dogznova]

This is great Oldmac.. But I think the PAD Manuel totally disputes that article.

Here is one example....

(c)The photoperiodic response is controlled by phytochrome.

I think this is incorrect!!! If you have been following along with sal and all his post (like I have). He has pointed out that his research has proved that the photoperiodic response in the MJ plant is mostly controlled by the Blue light duration. Not phytochrome!

Here is another example of the PAD manuel totally disputing that article..... The PAD Manuel uses KNOW uvb light at all and can double the THC content at a minimum by using 24 hours of light...

My next post........ I will tell you what the manuel doesn't say about our favorite plant.:thumbsup:

[Dogznova]

THE OPTIMUM TIME FACTORS FOR THC SYNTHESIS IN CANNBIS IS BETWEEM 1.3 AND 2.0, WITH PEAK THC SYNTHESIS OCCURING AT APPROXIMATELY AT A TIME FACTOR OF 1.6 TO 1.7, AND THIS HOLDS TRUE FOR BOTH LIGHT AND DARK CANNABIS ACTIVITY IN ALL THREE RACES OF CANNABIS (SATIVA, INDICA AND RUDERALIS).

These are the results of Temporal Photonics private research, which is the most advanced and extensive research ever done on THC production.

Let's explain exactly HOW SIGNIFICANT this is. Standard Indoor Darkness (SID) has a Time Factor of 1.0 and little THC synthesis occurs under such circomstances. Standard Artificial Light (SAL) such as HPS and typical Metal Halides have a Time Factor of approximately 4.0 and little THC synthesis occurs under such circomstances. What this means is that standard 12/12 type indoor growing environments only seem to bring out about 15% of the Photodependant production of THC from Cannabis.

Specifically what this means is that this patent pending process has demostrated the ability to double (or more) the potency of THC in Cannabis and this process is the only one that allows this to be done during the otherwise wasted "Period of Uninterrupted Darkness" needed to flower Cannabis.

[headshake]

i haven't had a chance to read either of those reports yet, but i'm trying to keep up and follow along!

-shake