You can the lab call but they probably won't tell you. There's privacy issues so they can't be sure if that's you on the other end and the employer paid for the test.

Calling HR and asking them Did I pass is not a good idea because we're all lawful citizens and you should pass. However, if you can phrase it like "I need to give notice at my other job (if you can use that)" or "do i have a start date" etc.

I would chill if I were you. It usually takes more than 24 hours and you subbed and they don't test for Lipitor.