Yep, you can use very different photoperiods along the flowering stage. I do it almost always.

But it depend of what are you seeking for. Increase production? Potency? Taste? Shorten flowering time? Each target has is own strategy.

I often use a accelerated photoperiod, like 6/12 or 8/12 (beware, those arnt 24h photoperiods, so each day on and off time varies) when i flip to flowering, in order to shorten the transitional period (time between flipping to flowering photoperiod and the true start of buds development). After some days, i often flip to 10/14. I do this because i grow high density SOG, so i want to minimize stretching as max as possible (i harvest 1ft tall plants). Although doing it is useful to shorten flowering induction time always, but if you expect a large stretch, then use directly 10/14 and when plants start to form buds, flip to 12/12.

After two weeks i flip to 13/11 and then, at the flowering peak, to 14/10. This schedules works way better for indica dominant strains than for sativas. Increase buds production, bud to leaf/stems ratio and potency.

At 2 (or 1 1/2) weeks from harvest, i come back to 12/12 and after 3-4 days, to 10/14, to force rippening. With some strains, once reached the milky white color of tricomes, i flip back to 16/8 for 3 days (dont worry, there is no time to hermie or reveg in 3 days). I like the taste enhancement (terpenes production) it produces.

On the other side, many sativas prefer 11/13 and still 10/14 along all the flowering than the typical 12/12.

And there are extended photoperiods, the most typical the 18/12 and 18/14 that increase colas size and production, but lengthen flowering time.

To resume it:

-Think at darklength as what mostly determines the flowering duration: 14h dark almost always results on reduced flowering times

-And think at daylength as what mainly determines total production and potency.

-When using schedules different of 24h, think as each light+dark period as a "day". The plant will need aprox same extended days than natural (24h) days to finish (but 14h dark result on less natural days required than at 12h dark)

Its a simplification, as not all strains react the same to some schedules, but its a good rule of thumb.