That plant will survive but it's slow because it's making some new roots and getting over the transplant shock.
The danger of too-large pots lies primarily in the risk of overwatering. DO NOT drench those pots; they aren't full of roots yet and the plants can't access all the far corners of the pot, so moisture will sit in there, stagnate, and cause problems from rot to fert interactions... water lightly for now, just in the area right around the plant itself.