The age of a clone is determined by the age of the mother, not how long it has been off the plant.

Your clones sound like they were taken off a mother in flower.

The flaky shit is some sort of anti-transpiration agent typically used to keep clones from wilting.

If you want them to be bigger and give better yield, you now need to wait for them to reveg... keep them under flouros or a MH and at least 18 hours of light for a couple weeks.