The Universe

[az666]

Well i decided instead of overtaking other peoples threads im going to make my own....this could turn out to be a very long post/thread cause i plan on adding to it over time..and i have read many many theories about space......lol....i hope you dont mind....you know what to do if you dont like it :)

this is continued from my post half way down http://boards.cannabis.com/showthread.php?t=16514&page=2
you need to read this post if you want to understand what im writing about.....no you dont actually cause it says below...its called

"The Destruction Of The Universe"

If you want to say anything about this please please do :)

Introduction
In this thread in going to write about the universe.......at the end of each section i will attempt to draw a diagram of what will happen....with a little description of what i just wrote about....lol


........Our galaxy is in for a rough time too...we are heading towards slightly larger spiral called Andromanda. It is thought that we could collide in as little as 3 billion years. If this hapened for a while stars would be flug outwards and most of the gas from these two galaxies would be compressed to create new stars.
A couple of billion years later and the outward motion would cease and two delecate spirals would will have merged together to create one great blob called a "elliptical" galaxy.

The colision with the andromeda galaxy will have a mad climax because at the centre of the milky way is a giant black hole more than 3 million times the mass of the sun. Another lies in andromeda, this one is approximatly 10 times the size of the one in the milky way.
These two black holes will settle in the centre of the new galaxy and will eventually merge together. The energy released from this would be tremendous, it would send out a blast of light and x-rays, and a pulse of gravitational waves that will squeeze and streatch every planet and star.

If we looked into the sky once this had happened we would see other galaxies moving away from our "elliptical" space. This would be due to the dark energy that i mentioned before. But because nobody really knows the nature of dark energy we have no idea how long these galaxies would be pulled away. And nobody would know the outcome of them being pulled. Maybe its energy density would decrease over time having radical consequences.
Some scientists have even made models of universes where dark energy becomes negative. And as positive dark energy has repulsive gravity, negative energy would have attractive (is that the right word to use??) gravity, a bit like normal matter.

If this happens to our universe the concequences will be INSANE! Firstly acceleration would slow down then dark energy would completly stop the expansion which would then go into reverse, so that all the galaxies rushed back to each other and soon enough they would start colliding together. Eventually everything would be crushed back together in a "big crunch" which would be inimaginably dense and words cannot describe how hot. This would be pretty much the big bang in reverse....

However it is said that we should be safe from this "big crunch" for another 25 billion years.


The next thing i am going to write about tomorrow or the next day is what would happen if dark energy became stronger which is somthing called "phantom energy"....

The picture below shows you what will happen in the big crunch

[koshea]

technically a black hole with the mass 3 million times that of the sun isnt possible becuase black holes are the absense of matter in the universe, they crush so much mass togeather and destroy it they defy the law of conservation of mass and energy

[az666]

well thats one theory down the drain....lol.....u into space and stuff?

[mellow mood]

i love astronomical books and those subjects. im pretty fascinated about the universe, its immensity and its mystery. we are in fact almost, or completly nothing(beleiving the fact that the universe is infinite or not). in the case universe would be infinite, we would be nothing. nobody except us can prove our existence, and if theres another planet with androides in a 4th dimension but we dont know this, technically it doesnt exist(...)

anyway, i beleive universe is in constant expansion, (i guess thats what u said, didnt read all, too lazy :o ), and so matter transforms into energy when it disapear, considering the fact nothing can disapear, it only change from one state to another, and nothing can appear by itself. that means universe maybe never started, but it is in a continuous expansion. i didnt catched all the book, kinda pretty complicated(deep astrophysics), but thats the main part.

anyway im really passionated about life, universe, etc... if u guys wanna comment, or only say your own toughts, well go ahead!

[koshea]

i love astrophysics strangley

[Beeblebrox.420]

technically a black hole with the mass 3 million times that of the sun isnt possible becuase black holes are the absense of matter in the universe, they crush so much mass togeather and destroy it they defy the law of conservation of mass and energy
Completely and utterly wrong. Black holes are NOT an absence of matter, they are the result of the cumulative force of gravity overwhelming all other forces. Ultimately, as the mass of an object increases, the force of gravity becomes stronger than those forces, such as the strong nuclear force, which tend to keep particles of matter separated. Eventually, even the Pauli Exclusion Principle is insufficient to keep mass from collapsing into itself. The mass of the hole itself doesn't impinge on the universe, and cannot be observed directly. What we "see" is merely the event horizon - that region of space surrounding the black hole where the escape velocity exceeds the speed of light, c. How far the event horizon extends beyond the singularity is measured by the Swartzchild radius, which is calculated by r = mG/c², where r is the Swartzchild radius, m is the mass of the black hole, G is the universal gravitational constant, and c is the speed of light in a vacuum.

However, contrary to the OP, the mergence of two supermassive black holes would most likely be a rather dull event. Since all the action occurs within the event horizon, we basically observe nothing. It is believed that most galactic centers harbor supermassive holes >1 million solar masses, but for the most part, these are isolated having long ago swallowed any matter in their vicinity. Large black holes only appear to emit radiation when significant amounts of matter fall into the event horizon, resulting in huge releases of energy, primarily in the x-ray. In the absence of such associated matter, the collision between two black holes is spectacularly unspectacular.

[ilovelife]

ur such a stoner... lol

but in all seriousness, i also have many thoughts and i always learn something new about the universe when im high. but then when im sober and i try to remember it, it just sounds stupid... maybe b/c being sober is stupid. well time to get high!

[koshea]

i know what a fucking black hole is but i couldnt put it into words becuase of the 1.5 ounces ive smoked today so far

[Beeblebrox.420]

Yeah, well. You weren't even close. Heh. ;)

[del...]

but it would have been nice to keep the combined thoughts on this in one thread...now the other one will be lost to the fluff and it had a good string of conciousness running...

[mellow mood]

yea. we will lose this interesting conversation. who thinks here universe is infinite?
and who thinks the universe has ever(or not) began?

[az666]

Sorry del...i thought about that, but then i thought posting about the death of the universe on a thread asking if the universe was neverending was a little out of place... especially if i was going to add to the thread over a period of time....

[tir na nog]

try havin astrophysic friends man. i live with a dudu and the shit he says is sooo fucked! i.e black hole .. matter the size of a planet condensed to the size of a pin prick. I hate how everybody is so condecending on this site now. Koshea... in one thread its 4.20 and u have no weed and your waiting on your bro... in the next you have smoked 1.5 oz???? Wow

[GHoSToKeR]

az666, good work, dude

You aid in the other thread that the expansion of the universe is speeding up? I always assumed (and gathered from what i've read, at least as far as I can remember) that the expansion of the universe is slowing down? Hence, the universe being being 'sucked' back in to itself, and the Big Bang in reverse (or the Gnab Gib :))

[Beeblebrox.420]

You aid in the other thread that the expansion of the universe is speeding up? I always assumed (and gathered from what i've read, at least as far as I can remember) that the expansion of the universe is slowing down? Hence, the universe being being 'sucked' back in to itself, and the Big Bang in reverse (or the Gnab Gib :))
Yes, it appears from observations that the expansion of the universe is, in fact, speeding up. This was suspected even in Einstein's time, and he incorporated this fact into his Special Theory of Relativity as a so-called Cosmological Constant. He later recanted the CC, calling it his greatest blunder. But, decades later, more precise measurements and improved equipment seemed to confirm the accelerating universal expansion. Measurements by astronomer Edwin Hubble, for whom the space telescope was named, showed that the redshift of distant objects was less than it should have been. These results are confirmed by others even today. This implied that in the past, the exapansion of the universe was slower than it is now, which in turn implies the rate of expansion has been increasing over time. There appears to be some force at work which acts opposite to gravity: it is stronger over large distances, but very weak across small scales, and it pushes matter away from itself, rather than pulling it in. Of course, there may be another explanation, but thus far, the concept of an accelerating expansion is the only theory which has been successful in explaining all the observations to date. This accelerating expansion has not yet been proven, but the amount of evidence in its favor is compelling. In any case, cosmologists by and large agree that there is insufficient mass in the universe to slow the expansion and collapse the universe back in on itself - the so-called Gnab Gib, or Big Crunch.

[az666]

LOL
cheers dude.....i thought i might put somthing some people might find remotly interesting on this site....instead of the random useless infomation i normaly put towards it....(even though there has already been more complaints about it than i have ever had on one of my random threads).....but im going to continue tonight.....a little later after i finished this stupid coursework

[az666]

Yes, it appears from observations that the expansion of the universe is, in fact, speeding up. This was suspected even in Einstein's time, and he incorporated this fact into his Special Theory of Relativity as a so-called Cosmological Constant. He later recanted the CC, calling it his greatest blunder. But, decades later, more precise measurements and improved equipment seemed to confirm the accelerating universal expansion. Measurements by astronomer Edwin Hubble, for whom the space telescope was named, showed that the redshift of distant objects was less than it should have been. These results are confirmed by others even today. This implied that in the past, the exapansion of the universe was slower than it is now, which in turn implies the rate of expansion has been increasing over time. There appears to be some force at work which acts opposite to gravity: it is stronger over large distances, but very weak across small scales, and it pushes matter away from itself, rather than pulling it in. Of course, there may be another explanation, but thus far, the concept of an accelerating expansion is the only theory which has been successful in explaining all the observations to date. This accelerating expansion has not yet been proven, but the amount of evidence in its favor is compelling. In any case, cosmologists by and large agree that there is insufficient mass in the universe to slow the expansion and collapse the universe back in on itself - the so-called Gnab Gib, or Big Crunch.
that would be the "dark energy" i spoke about....:)

Beeblebrox do you know about phantom energy?

[GHoSToKeR]

"Gravity doesn't exist; the Earth just sucks" :)

[az666]

I was just talking to my dad about space before and he said somthing that made me think.....coming up with these theories is a bit like writing a science fiction book.....its amazing the people that come up with these ideas must be very imaginative.

Anyway here is the newest section of my posts......
this theory is called
"The Big Rip"

In 1993 some person whose name i cant remember explored the opposite idea of my last post. His idea was that dark energy could become stronger! This type of dark energy is called phantom energy. The theory is that the expansion of space makes phantom energy increase and the phantom energy makes space expand even faster, setting up a devasting effect called "the big rip".

This is expected to happen as little as 40 billion years from now. It is said that we would actually be able to watch this series of events unfold before us.

Around 60 million years before the end the phantom repulsion will become strong enough to tear out galaxy apart. Then the real party begins months before the end.
Say we had found ourselves another planet to live on.

Firstly we would see the outer planets fly away one by one. Then our planet would be torn from the sun. Less than an hour before the end the sun will explode! And a few minutes after that our planet will be ripped apart.It is expected that we will be able to watch this untill a fraction of a second before the end but we will most probably not be able to see the "phantom" overpowers all electrical forces destroying all molecules and atoms, neither will we be able to see the subsequent shredding of nuclei, protons or neutrons.

But there doesnt really have to be anything special about dark energy. The most conservative theory is what cosmologists call "its vanilla flavour" which suggests that a given volume of vacuum has a inherited fixed energy, this is called its "cosmological constant". Many people think that this kind of dark energy is whats causing the univere's expansion to accelerate, and physicists even have a bit of an explaination for it.
According to quantum mechanics countless ephemeral subatomic particles are constantly popping in and out of existance, even in a vacuum. These particle's energy might add up to somthing, the only problem with this is physicists struggle to explain the observed value of about 1 nanojoule per cubic metre. They can see how a particles energy can cancel down to zero or add up to a huge number but they cant explain it being next to nothing.

Nevertheless this is the most favoured explaination of dark energy amongst cosmologists.
If dark energy stays constant, the universe will be inbetween crunch and rip.....This may lead to it being a very long and lonely journey.

Acceleration will soon steal most of the universe from view, as the increasing expansion of space carries other galaxies beyond our view. Light from the sun will no longer reach us because it is being dragged over our cosmological horizon. Acording to fred adams from michigan, every other galaxy will have been pulled from view in a couple of hundred billion years.

Then we will be all alone. There will only be a trace of free gas to make new stars. I think Adams calculated thateven all these stars will be used up after about a hundred trillion years and all nuclear powered stars will have gone out. A tiny amount of radiation will come from stars called brown dwarves which are too small to ignite fusion in their cores.

All the other stars will be reduced to dead reminants, black holes neutron stars and aging white dwarves.
Our sun will eventually becom one of these black dwarves, a single crystal of diamond, like an ultra dense diamond that you could touch.

The occasional burst of light will occur where brown dwarves collide and create a new star, or when a black hole shreads a stellar carcass. Once in a trillion years, two relativly heavy black dwarves would collide and explode as a supernova.

Every now and again the odd star will be trown out of the galaxy because of a close encounter with another star.
After aproximatly 100 quintillion years (i think is 10²º years) the whole galazy will dissapate.
The universe would now be made up of dead stars centered on a black holesurrounded by a cloud of dark matter. If any of the earth is left then it may possibly trail after the sun for a bit but then due to the system emiting gravitational waves the earth cinders will crash into the suns.

Mean while.....lol......dark energy will still be at wor. Each star would watch it neibours be dragged over the horivon one by one. aand our black dwarf will be in a universe of its own.

After that has happened things get a lot more speculative, Particle physicists suspet that protons are unstable and probly only last between 10 to the power of 33 and 10 to the power of 45 years (sorry i couldnt find the symbols and couldnt actually do all the 0s after it). As protons decay all the black dwarfs, neutron stars and planets will crumble awayleaving behind nothing but loose photons, neutrons, electrons and positrons.

Even black holes eventually evaporate, by a process called hawkind radiationalthough that is expected to take about 10 to the power of 86 years for the central black hole.

After that dark energy keeps working, even on the ashes. Untill eventually every single particle in existance will find itself alone inside its own horizon....



Well that is part 2.....
it actually took me about 2 hours to write this.....lol.....thats how much spare time i have....lol.....no its not at all...its just quite late.....well g-nite everyone...

I may have confused myself at somepoint during this (a got very stoned halfway through....and time makes me tired) so if there are any mistakes please excuse them :) could you also point them out :)