Thinking outside the BOX - DIY VENTURI , DIY HYDROXYL RADICAL INJECTOR

[AquaponicHerb]

I found a need for a strong element to manage my robust 150 gallon system that house a forest of 7' Cannabis trees- so I made a modified hydroxyl radical generator that is capable of injecting the short-living molecules directly into the Hydroponic Solution via Venturi Injectors.

Here are some pictures that showcase some of the programs I follow in reguards to improvising with various technologies to meet my needs. It is simple to spend all the money and acquire these technologies on a cordial basis, but if you take the time create things based on known principles and science you will be able to better understand what you need to accomplish your goals.

I must warn all those who attempt this that HYDROXYL RADICALS can destroy THC and AROMA during the flowering period; anticipated corrections are needed for flowering.

HYDROXYL RADICALS are more powerful oxidizers than Ozone and do not affect the human body because of their volatile state. HYDROXYL RADICALS do not leave deadly gases as a bi-product but rather water and Carbon-Dioxide. I have done my own research on all the various ionization technologies and oxidizers and I am confident in using the HYDROXYL RADICAL because of its aggressive nature and natural occurence (happens in our atmosphere constantly when it is exposed to UV LIGHT..."

Many Hydroxyl Radical air-purifiers and PhotoCatalyst/Oxidizer air-purifiers use a light bulb to create the OXIDIZERS which treats the air directly or through UV LIGHT. HYDROXYL RADICALS are fast reacting and highly volatile.

We can create these OXIDIZERS which among other things consist of SuperOxides and Double Poled Ions. To do this we are going to use Titanium Dioxide and UV LIGHT. Once we have created this powerful chemical process, we can see that it reacts with the water in our system.

WHAT I USED (Materials):

FOR THE GENERATOR:

2 Titanium Dioxide HYDROXYL RADICAL CFLS (the real thing)
Powerstrip (G)
Extension Cord (G)
Light Socket Duplicator
12 Volt DC Converter
Computer fan
Zip-Ties
Timer
4 Dual Outlet Air Pumps
100' of Air Line
Clamp Light Fixture
Aluminum Tape
Mounting Screws and Bolts
GFI Suggested
GROUNDING Suggested

FOR THE VENTURI INJECTOR:

3/4" Ball Valve
Air Compressor Replacement Fittings
Bic Pen
1/2" T Fitting
Electrical Box (Plastic)
Air Line
Air Line Flow Adjuster
Any other various small fittings that can shape to form the Venturi Effect
Mounting Screws and Bolts
GFI Suggested
GROUNDING Suggested


I know the Hydroxyl Radical works because I can see it react with the water in the form of a fizzing/skipping motion like frozen peas fizzing across a red hot plate. The pungent gaseous odors are effectively destroyed within 15 minutes leaving a sterile environment with no smell whatsoever.

These molecules have a short half-life and must be injected immediately into the water for any effect. The air pumps and Venturi gas lines must be positioned right over bulb in an enclosed area for any effect. The air pumps can fire pulses of Radicals into the solution via an airstone, but care must be made when planning a quick route for entry of the Radical for efficacy. A Venturi injector is the most efficient way of mixing a fluid and a gas, and for this reason it is best method for employing this sterilization system.

I've made various Venturis, Modified Impellers, Cavitators, Pulverizers, Atomizers, Recirculators, and pressurized Air Injectors for mixing gas and liquid. The Venturi nozzle in all of its simplicity is the most logical approach because of its efficacy, cost, customization, calibration, and reliability.

Hydroxyl Radicals are controversial because Radicals react with our bodies DNA, however Hydroxyl Radicals react quickly on first contact with any Chemical, Virus, Bacteria, Odor, Mold, Organisms, etc. This means it would be impossible for you to actually inhale since your body is covered with these lovely phenomena.

I am experimenting with giving the plants daily doses of nutrients through this system. I can mix the nutrients at near exact ratios consistently with my self-cleaning needle injector orifice.

Please share your opinions and lets open a discussion on this...


:thumbsup:

[AquaponicHerb]

Using a Plasma to treat my hydroponic system.

[AquaponicHerb]

Designs of various Venturi injectors for use in a hydroponic system. Please ask questions if you would like information reguarding the construction of these simple fittings.

:rasta:

[AquaponicHerb]

A short article on the reaction-

Hydroxyl Ion vs. Hydroxyl Radical
Written By: Dr. Peter L. Kopko, D.C.

There is some very alarming bad science being written about ionizer machines in general. It is being written by otherwise health-conscious individuals and already being quoted in other health-related books. The leaders of this misinformation are Dr. True Ott and Dr. Gabriel Cousins. Dr. Cousins is a medical doctor and a long time proponent and supporter of eating foods in their natural state: raw . Both individuals have written books that claim ionizers produce the hydroxyl radical , an extremely toxic "free radical."

Let me be perfectly clear: they do not ! And I challenge anyone to prove otherwise. Water, H2 0, dissociates into (H) hydrogen and (OH-) hydroxyl ions , not radicals. Water ionizers produce hydroxyl ions not radicals . People mistakenly continue to refer to the hydroxyl ion as the hydroxyl radical . By definition, this is incorrect. In any chemistry text on the planet, the hydroxyl radical will be defined as OH(neutral) not OH -. They are not the same chemical. Pluses and minuses in chemistry mean everything. In this case it is the difference between something that is good for you and a toxic substance.

This is not an issue of ideology but basic chemistry. The hydroxyl radical and the hydroxyl ion only have the word hydroxyl in common. An ion and a radical are not the same thing. At best these individuals are misinformed and have a parochial understanding of what is referred to as reactive oxygen species chemistry . At worst they are promoters of poorly researched science and should be careful about offering their opinions.

Hereâ??s why:
Letâ??s first define what a radical actually is. The standard definition is: any atom, molecule or ion that has one or more unpaired electrons in it's orbit. A radical can have a net charge of negative, positive or no net charge (neutral). The term radical is synonymous with the term free radical . It is this very fact of the unpaired electron, that drives the free radical to do its damage. A free radical is always looking for that â??other electronâ?� to become paired again. A free radical will inevitably take another atom, molecule or ion for that electron. The entity that was used is damaged and in fact becomes a free radical itself because it now needs to replace the electron that was taken! This is how free radicals do their damage.

Now that we know what a free radical is, lets talk a little about the hydroxyl radical . Hydroxyl radicals are extremely damaging to living tissues, probably only rivaled by the superoxide anion. Hydroxyl radicals are formed by exposing water to ionizing radiation (atomic fallout).

This is what makes water poisonous, like if it has been exposed to an atomic blast. Even if you wanted to, an ionizer machine that produces alkaline water, could not produce hydroxyl radicals. It does not have anywhere near the power to do so. Furthermore it is a fact of science that ionizer machines produce hydroxyl ions not hydroxyl radicals. There is a big difference. Are these individuals confused by the word "ionizing?" Is a water alkalinizing machine similar to atomic blast? That would be laughable; the water would be radioactive!

Chemical texts draw a clear distinction between what is called a hydroxyl radical and the hydroxyl ion. They are not the same. The point being, once again, is that a radical by definition has one or more unpaired electrons. The hydroxyl ion (OH-) does not have any unpaired electrons and is not a radical. Please note the following from a biomedical website:

â?¢ superoxide anion
â?¢ peroxide (hydrogen peroxide)
â?¢ hydroxyl radical



OH

Through the ionization process, like electrolysis, two streams of water are created from the anode and cathode. On one side you have H+ and acidic water and on the other side, alkaline water, OH- hydroxyl ions and alkaline minerals like calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, etc.

We at LIFE Ionizersâ?¢ are sincerely concerned with helping people attain excellent health. I personally have been drinking this water for several years now and have experienced great benefits. I have helped many patients acquire this technology and they have great benefits from using this water. The Japanese have also used this water for over 40 years, and with great benefits. This water does not contain the harmful hydroxyl radical. I hope that Dr.â??s Ott and Cousins will consider the aforementioned information and possibly retract any incorrect statements they've made.

Dr. Peter L. Kopko, D.C.

[AquaponicHerb]

This article shows the disinformation reguarding hydroxyl radicals.

[AquaponicHerb]

Yes you are correct that Radicals and Oxidizers damage DNA, and this is a very good point you brought up. It helps to understand the reaction that takes place, and the level of penetration/permeation.

Hydroxyl Radicals form for a very short period, and the reactions that take place as a result are what cause the net effect of odor removal.

Many things damage DNA. The electricity from the computer you are sitting on right now is damaging your DNA. This question poses a lot of different concerns with many phenomena but it all boils down to positives and negatives.

Based on my research and it has been a long road- I would use them. The Radical is in the air for too short a period to cause significant damage to myself in the current setup I am running with reguards to proximity penetration and circulation.

I have had this debate time and time again with friends of mine in real life. I guess all I can say is do extensive research about the process. Ozone is very dangerous to people because the biproducts are deadly gases, but then some people would say they are safe (lack of research) and even spend money on it without researching or finding alternatives.

Ozone is used in many chemical reactions but does not necessarily stay around long enough or reach far enough to do its damage. I would possibly use Ozone depending on the particular method or application even knowing it creates deadly gases because sometimes it can produce more harm than good in a given scenario.

Its important to note that many natural occurring phenomena are harmful to humans, and it is for this reason why life evolves on planet earth. Without things to damage our DNA, how would our code change? Also I find myself doing a lot of things that are bad for me so I am probably not a good example...

[AquaponicHerb]

When the micro-particle of nanostructured Titanium Dioxide(TiO2) are exposed to 388nm UV light, its inner will stir up hole-electron pair ,and the hole-electron pair will quickly remove to its surface and activate absorbed oxygen and moisture and occur free radicals (-OH ) and active oxygen (-O2). At the moment, chain degradation reaction occurs between the free radicals and kinds of contaminant or bacteria each other. For strong oxidation, the photo catalyst can implement the function of anti-bacteria by destroying the cell membrane. Specific detail reaction is like this, after titanium dioxide (TiO2) absorbs sun light, it is formed to be electronegative high active electron e- , and positive hole h+. With effect of electric field, electron e- and hole h+ are separated and moved to surface of particle. According to energetic theory, h+ can oxygenates OH- and H2O conglutinated on surface of TiO2 into free radicle. More ever, free radicle has strong oxidation ability and can oxygenate and decompose various organic substance(e.g. Formaldehyde ,Benzene ,TVOC), bacteria and part inorganic contamination (Ammonia, NOx) into non harmful substance: CO2 ,H2O . OH Free radicle has no selectivity to reactant, so it makes crucial effect in photo catalyzing . Meanwhile, high active electron e- has strong deoxidize ability and can deoxidize oxygen in air .

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It uses water as its primary fuel to produce the free radicals and Superoxides. The Hydroxyl breaks down rather quickly while the Superoxide lasts a little longer. The Superoxide is what I count on for control inside the water source because it creates Hydrogen Peroxide among other things. You are correct in that I mistakingly referred to reaction on the surface of the water as a Hydroxyl radical.

The Superoxide reduces Oxygen and Iron (found in certain bacterias enzymes) into Hydrogen Peroxide.

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Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the reduction of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide. It plays a critical role in the defense of cells against the toxic effects of oxygen radicals. SOD competes with nitric oxide (NO) for superoxide anion, which inactivates NO to form peroxynitrite. Therefore, by scavenging superoxide anions, SOD promotes the activity of NO. SOD has suppressed apoptosis in cultured rat ovarian follicles, neural apoptosis in neural cell lines, and transgenic mice by preventing the conversion of NO to peroxynitrate, an inducer of apoptosis.8,9,10 Covalent conjugation of superoxide dismutase with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been found to increase the circulatory half-life and provides prolonged protection from partially reduced oxygen species. 7


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The half-life of the Hydroxyl Radical is in the billionths of a second, so it making its way into the surface of your lungs from the light bulbs surface is impossible, and even if it did it would hit something else along the way...

What I am doing in essence, is taking the air, moving it over the surface of the Titanium Dioxide lightbulb. This sterilizes the air and by using the humidity creates Hydroxyl Radicals which act immediately to destroy anything near it, and Superoxides which scavenge for a reactant. The Hydroxyl Radicals react quickly leaving only the Superoxide to make its way into the air pump or venturi tube inlet. The Superoxides react with organic matter in the air, airtube, or hydroponic solution using Oxygen from the atmosphere and Iron from the enzyme of the organic matter, to produce Hydrogen Peroxide. Small amounts of Superoxides and large amounts of Hydrgen Peroxide fizzes and pops on the surface of the water.

The superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide all act to control odor in both air and water, but the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide is what reduces the odor in the water itself with a net product of carbon dioxide and water.

I know this works because my water does not smell anymore, when it use to smell like a swamp. When I was using the light in the room itself it destroyed the other in the room reducing the smell of the solution, but the solution still smelled. Now the solution does not smell at all, and even if I put the solution in a glass, take it out of the room and let it sit overnight there is no smell.

This is work well rewarded for myself, although there might be something I am missing...

[AquaponicHerb]

here is a simple venturi

take a 3/4" ball valve
unscrew bolt holding spigot
drill hole or screw into the center of the spigot hinge holding ball in place
connect 3/16" air hose to top of spiqot

congratulations :)
now attach an air valve to control your bubble size- recommended pump at least 400gph for good flow. put the venturi after your water pump on a verticle plane or downwards angle and make sure it draws a vacuum in the airline. the water being pumped to all your beds will now be a superoxygenated foam. this device is like using 10 air pumps.

you can use the venturi airline to draw in nutrients and mix them in the throat of the venturi. run a slight angle after the venturi so the mix is augmented through a vortex motion as demonstrated by bubbles when the venturi is drawing in air. the venturi is used to mix fluid and gas in industrial and commercial applications.

the venturi works by drawing in air from the narrow point in a waterline
this works because the water speeds up as the waterline narrows, and
when the water passes through the valve it has to speed up through the small hole. when water speeds up, it loses its pressure and creates a negative pressure (vacuum) inside the narrow area. the vacuum draws in air and mixes it with the water very efficiently. depending on adjustments made to the shape of the airhole, power of pump, gravity, length of line, and angulature of line there is a greater degree of efficiency (finer bubbles, more air mixed with less water resistance). This fitting is very easy to make and is worth the time.

[AquaponicHerb]

can you spot the finished venturi here?